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Mitcham Common
Mitcham Common is 182 hectares (460 acres) of common land situated in south London.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Mitcham Common )〕 It is predominantly in the London borough of Merton, with parts straddling the borders of Croydon and Sutton.〔http://www.mitchamcommon.org/index.php〕 It is designated a Site of Metropolitan Importance for Nature Conservation.
== History ==
In feudal times, the poorest, least productive soil in a parish was designated as common land available for parishioners to graze animals and cut turf and timber for fuel. Members of this community with these rights were known as commoners. However, in the 19th century when material for road building became a valuable resource, the old grazing land was replaced by a series of pits for gravel extraction.
These works reached such a proportion that public opposition, led by George Parker Bidder QC, culminated in the protection of the common under the Metropolitan Commons Act and the cost of its maintenance was split between the parish councils of Mitcham, Beddington, Wallington and Croydon according to the proportion of the common within each parish boundary.
Mitcham, now part of the London Borough of Merton bears the majority of the costs, with the remainder going to the London Boroughs of Croydon and Sutton.〔http://www.mitchamcommon.org/about.php〕 These funds support a warden and three assistants. Each council is represented by four nominated members of The Board, elected every two years.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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